concentrations [10 % (w/v) NaCl], temperatures of 15–41 6C and a pH range of 5–12. worked better at pH 6. No = 0, Yes = 1, Is the species biofilm-forming? Bacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinobacteria (class); Actinobacteridae; Actinomycetales; Micrococcineae; Micrococcaceae Extracellular proteinases are produced by several species of ‘micrococci’, although their activity is optimal in an alkaline pH range, being almost negligible at pH values below 5.5. PRIMARY HAZARDS: Likelihood of infection is low; however, avoid accidental parenteral inoculation, ingestion, and inhalation of infectious droplets. Hirata Y, Sata M, Makiuchi Y, Morikane K, Wada A, Okabe N, Tomoike H. 2009. Micrococcus luteus-4 (S-1A), Staphylococcus hyicus (S-2C), Micrococcus luteus-1 (S-4A), Pasteurella pneumotrop (S-3A) and Micrococcus sp.(S-5B). This risk group applies to the genus as a whole, and may not apply to every species within the genus. Only a few species can grow at pH values of less than 2 or greater than 10. Its optimal temperature range for growth is 25° to 37°C. No = 0, Yes = 1, Does the species causes disease in animals? It will grow on a variety of media including Tryptic Soy Agar, Standard Methods Agar, Nutrient Agar, and Sheep Blood Agar. Results indicate that M. luteus is capable of lysing cells of V. harveyi. No = 0, Yes = 1. Micrococcus, Corynebacteria and Propionibacteria RISK GROUP CLASSIFICATION: Risk Group 1(10). It can grow at 45°C and in 10% Sodium Chloride. The pH optimum for most bacteria is between 6.5 and 7.5. extended history of safe usage and 4 being a species that can cause a very serious human disease, All rights reserved. Fact Sheet: Micrococcus luteus Download PDF here. © 2021 The Microbe Directory. They are found on the skin of humans and other animals and in soil, marine and fresh water, plants, fomites, dust, and air(2,3). From the growth profile, M. luteus strain BAA2 attained the maximum growth at 30 h of incubation (Figure 3B). Soybean meal extract was the best nitrogen source for protease production whereas sucrose was the best carbon source. Most natural environments have pH values between 5 and 9, and organisms with pH optima in this range are most common. With this almost universal range of survivable living conditions that microbes can live in (particularly bacteria), it would be reasonable to assume that there would be at least one variety living i… This effect occurs within the complete pH range where lysozyme activity is detectable. Their maximum protease productions were at pH 7 and 9, respectively for Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus species (1.23586 U/ml/min and 1.19804 U/ml/min, respectively). LABORATORY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: No cases of laboratory-acquired infections have been reported to date. MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Transmission is possible through contact with contaminated objects and/or surfaces (demonstrated by bacterial transfer associated with paper-towel dispensing)(4). Their optimal pH is in the alkaline range, and most are very sensitive to low pH and salt. moderate (mesophilic) environments. Users are responsible for ensuring they are compliant with all relevant acts, regulations, guidelines, and standards. Description: Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus) is a Gram-positive to Gram-variable, non-motile, coccus, saprotrophic bacterium. Habitat: Found on the skin of humans and other mammals. M. luteus is most common and is found in nature and in clinical specimens. Efficacy of the disinfectants was tested against those isolates using agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test by broth dilution method using different dilutions of the disinfectants. They can be found in boiling hot springs; they can be found in frigid waters in the artic. At pH 6.6 maximal activity of lysozyme is observed over a wider range of ionic strengths (0.02–0.100 M) than at pH 9.2 (0.01–0.06 M) (Dave, 2010). They are also catalase positive and often weakly oxidase positive ( modified oxidase test positive). List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature. Micrococcaceae -> Fungi, molds, and yeast prefer an acidic environment, with optimum activities at a pH of 4 to 6. With one of the smallest genomes of free-living actinobacteria, it is found in a wide range of environments, but intraspecies genetic diversity and adaptation strategies to various environments remain unclear. are gram-positive, oxidase-positive, and strictly aerobic cocci belonging to the family Micrococcaceae(2,3). 1. Public Health Agency of Canada, 2010 Intro: Microbes are everywhere, even in the most extreme environments and conditions. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date. Micrococcus spp. DRUG RESISTANCE: Resistance has been found in certain strains against nitrofurantoin, macrolides (erythromycin), and lincomycin(5,6). were determined, the average was taken. Micrococci may be distinguished from staphylococci by a modified oxidase test as shown below- Colony Morphology: irregular lobate flat opaque dull. HOST RANGE: Humans(2,3), mammals, and some marine animals (including some fish, sharks, crustacean shellfish, shrimps, and prawns)(3). The change in pH was observed at every 3 h interval during the growth of M. luteus strain BAA2 (Figure 3A). Microbial ecology of people Skin #3 Most relate to 4 phyla: Actinobacteria: Gram-positive bacteria e.g. SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Micrococci are relatively resistant to drying and to moderate temperature changes(2). A Gram-positive bacterial strain, designated YIM 56238 (T), was isolated from plant roots (Aquilaria sinensis), and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. Micrococcus luteus. They usually occur in irregular clusters, tetrads, and pairs(2,3), where individual cells are about 1 to 1.8 µm in diameter(2) and are usually non-motile and non-spore-forming(3). If two far ranges of temperatures Note: Tang and Gillevet, propose to reclassify the ATCC 9341 strain as Kocuria rhizophila. ATCC was used to determine the optimal temperature for storage. This category includes acidophiles, thermophiles, osmophiles, The pH of the seeded M. luteus test medium changed from pH 6.6 before incubation to 8.7 after 24 hours incubation at 30 degrees C. When the same 33 kidneys were tested by the B. subtilis BGA method, medium pH 6, and 15 of them also by the M. luteus method using a medium buffered to pH 6, all were negative. The kinetics of lysis of Micrococcus luteus by hen egg-white lysozyme in dilute buffer media is characterized by pronounced substrate inhibition. No = 0, Yes = 1, Is the species spore-forming? SOURCES/SPECIMENS: Skin (particularly in exposed regions of the body) of humans and animals, dairy products, and various environmental sources, including soil, marine and fresh water, plants, fomites, dust, and air(2,3). In humans, they are most frequently found on the exposed skin of face, arms, hands, and legs. M. luteus has been reported as the causative agent in cases of intracranial abscesses, pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, and meningitis(2). can be isolated from biological samples (taken from skin) using culture techniques (on agar media)(2,3). DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY: Micrococcus spp. Ԡ , U] F zV0 d & ]3 - Y tAQ 3 یLP. enzyme is active over a broad pH range (6.0–9.0). FIRST AID/TREATMENT: Appropriate antibiotic therapy should be administered as required, treatment should be supportive. growth, and against a wide range of bacterial attack (3, 4, 5). species in 2011. If the species was not widely studied, the Transmission via inhalation of contaminated droplets and/or aerosols may also be possible. They are seldom motile and are non-sporing. CA from M. lylae retained 80 % stability in the pH and temperature range of 6.0–8.0 and 35–45 °C, respectively. Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus), is a Gram-positive bacteria, 0.05 to 3.5 microns in diameter, that is most commonly found in mucous membranes such as the nasal cavities, the upper respiratory tract, and the lining of the mouth.If we were to break down the word Micrococcus, it would be as follows: Micro, for microscopic; coccus for the organism's spherical shape; luteus for "yellow". Micrococcaceae become one of the dominant microbial groups throughout curing of different kinds of dry cured hams, as well as during ripening of dry fermented sausages. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) was purified from Micrococcus lylae and Micrococcus luteus with 49.90 and 53.8 % yield, respectively, isolated from calcium carbonate kilns. Actinomycetales -> neutral to slightly alkaline pH and within 60 to 80oC. EPIDEMIOLOGY: Micrococcus spp. Commercial preparations of micrococcal proteinases are available for accelerated cheese-ripening. Schroeter 1886, Micrococcus lysodeikticus Fleming 1933, "not Micrococcus luteus" Lehmann and Neumann 1896. All the … Bacillus cereus. If the species was not widely studied, the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) was used to determine the optimal pH for storage. The pH of the M. luteus seeded Penassay Seed Agar was measured before and after 24 hours incubation at 30d̀ C and found to be 6.6 and 8.7, respectively. halophiles, oligotrophs, and others. Micrococcus occurs in a wide range of environments, including water, dust, and soil. CONTAINMENT REQUIREMENTS: Containment Level 1 facilities, equipment, and operational practices for work involving infectious or potentially infectious materials. The database ranks the pathogenicity of species on a scale of 1 to 4 - 1 being not Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Pathogen Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. When the Penassay Seed Agar was buffered to pH 6.1 and the sensitivity of the microbe to the antibiotics was tested as before no double zones of inhibition could be observed. They have been shown to persist on human skin for extended periods of time ranging from few months to at least one year (up to two and a half years for several strains of M. luteus)(3). Results . For enquiries, contact us. RESERVOIR: Humans and animals (ubiquitous in the environment)(2,3). Lytic activity was also found to be active at a pH range of 6-8. SPILLS: Allow aerosols to settle. Keywords: Ampicillin, Lonar lake, M. luteus, Penicillin acylase, Staphylococcus. Penicillin acylse was more active against ampicillin. No = 0, Yes = 1, Extremophiles are organisms that live in extreme environments, as opposed to organisms that live in COMMUNICABILITY: Not known to be transmitted directly from person-to-person. The optimal pH at which this species grows. An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal microbiota of the mammalian skin. The lowest protease activities in both organisms were at pH 11. STORAGE: The infectious agent should be stored in sealed containers that are appropriately labelled(11). SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISINFECTANTS: Gram-positive bacteria are generally susceptible to a number of disinfectants, including phenolic compounds, hypochlorites (1% sodium hypochlorite), alcohols (70% ethanol), formaldehyde (18.5 g/L; 5% formalin in water), glutaraldehyde, iodines (0.075 g/L)(7). While wearing protective clothing, gently cover the spill with absorbent paper towel and apply appropriate disinfectant, starting at perimeter and working towards the centre. NAME: Micrococcus spp. Strain LW4(T) was aerobic and grew over the temperature range 26-34 degrees C and pH range 5-9, with optimal growth at 30.5-31.5 degrees C and pH 6.0-6.2. Copyright © Comparative analysis of Micrococcus luteus isolates from blood cultures of patients with pulmonary hypertension receiving epoprostenol continuous infusion. REGULATORY INFORMATION: The import, transport, and use of pathogens in Canada is regulated under many regulatory bodies, including the Public Health Agency of Canada, Health Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Environment Canada, and Transport Canada. One study (of 115 people) reports that up to 96% of people living in 18 states of USA carried micrococci, with the majority being M. luteus(3).